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Hudson Valley

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New York’s original art show

Executive summary by darmansjah

Not even Rip Van Winkle could sleep through the cultural clarion of today’s Hudson Valley. The legendary snoozer in Washington Irving’s tale might descend from his Catskill Mountains hollow to find some of the country’s best folk musicians at the Clearwater Festival in Croton-on-Hudson. Founded by now 93-year-old Pete Seeger, the festival marks its 35th anniversary in 2013. “The Hudson must surely be one of the world’s most extraordinary streams,” says Seeger. “Other rivers are longer and start higher, but my wife and I and our daughter look every day from the windows of our two-room house and see the Hudson. Bless it!”

Just a couple hours north of New York City, this is a land of mom-and-pop shops, “u-pick” wildflower fields, and organic farm stands where “chain” is a four-letter word. Between the Culinary Institute of America grads too enchanted to leave Hyde Park and the influx of NYC chefs realizing the land is greener (and apartments bigger) here, area eateries such as Blue Hill at Stone Barns are stoking locavore passions.

Artists of all media find their muses here. Take a drive to the newly expanded Hudson River School Art Trail to see 17 sites in New York that inspired America’s great mid-19th-century landscape paintings. “The views that compose the art trail are a national treasure,” says Elizabeth B. Jacks, director of the Thomas Cole National Historic Site. Or visit museums such as the outdoor Storm King Art Center sculpture park to see the work of contemporary visionaries.

Some villages marry art and music famously. In the wonderfully weird and artsy Woodstock, indie performers and music icons rub elbows and grab crusty loaves at Bread Alone Bakery. Budding musicians bring their bongos to the weekly hippie drum circle on the Village Green.
Much like Rip, Hudson Valley wanderers often wake up to find this is where they long to rest their vagabond souls. —Sascha Zuger

Travel Tips

When to Go: May-October; fall foliage and harvest festivals mid-September through October.

Where to Stay: The Olde Rhinebeck Inn’s mid-Hudson Valley location north of Hyde Park and easy access to the New York State Thruway (I-87) make the historic bed-and-breakfast an ideal base for area day trips. Original architectural details in the restored 1745 farmhouse include wide plank living room floors and hand-hewn chestnut beams.

How to Get Around: Driving offers the most flexibility. From New York City, drive north on either side of the Hudson River via I-87 (tolls) or U.S. 9W on the west or the scenic Taconic State Parkway or Route 9 on the east. Add a boat cruise (May-October, Hudson River Cruises) or scenic train ride (Metro-North Railroad).

Where to Eat or Drink: Book a table two months in advance at elegant Blue Hill at Stone Barns. Menus list the day’s fresh ingredients. Identify any you don’t want in your Farmer’s Feast (five courses, $108; eight courses, $148; 12 courses, $208).

What to Read Before You Go: Hudson River Valley Farms: The People and the Pride Behind the Produce, by Joanne Michaels and Rich Pomerantz (2009). Illustrated, insider’s portrait of 44 Hudson Valley farmers and their farms includes driving directions to each featured farm, plus a directory of nearly a hundred local farmers markets.

Fun Fact: Sleepy Hollow Cemetery is the final resting place of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow author Washington Irving. Other notable residents include Harry and Leona Helmsley, whose lavish mausoleum offers Manhattan skyline views (on a stained-glass window).

Helpful Links: Hudson River Valley Tourism

Iceland

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Harmonic Convergence

Executive summary by darmansjah

Dusk falls on a primeval landscape on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula. A final relic from the world’s last ice age, this North Atlantic island nation is a world of knife-cut valleys, gargantuan fjords, monumental cliffs, black-sand beaches, thundering waterfalls, and silent white glaciers. Recent volcanic eruptions remind us that Iceland is still a country in the making, with changed landscapes that even Icelanders continue to discover.

Three years of financial recovery have made Iceland more affordable, with consumer prices now largely pegged to the euro. The country’s return to a humbler attitude stems from a thousand-year-old tradition of self-reliance—a tradition that has preserved one of the world’s oldest living languages and harnessed some of the cleanest energy on Earth.

Jackson, Wyoming

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Best For: Advanced skiers and riders looking for test pieces and line dancing

Executive summary by darmansjah

The giant of American skiing—if your dreams are filled with big mountains and steep, powder-smothered slopes, Jackson Hole is the promised land. The town of Jackson, a 12-mile drive from the ski area, sits in a remote, high valley in northwestern Wyoming in the shadow of the mighty Teton Range and just south of Yellowstone National Park. From its wooden sidewalks and cowboy bars to its restaurants that sling unnecessarily large slabs of red meat, the town of just over 9,500 embraces its Wild West heritage. Much like Banff, Alberta, winter is actually the off-season in this town, so good ski-season deals on lodging abound.

One of the birthplaces of extreme skiing in the U.S., mighty Jackson Hole Resort does offer a few beginner runs, and intermediates will find a smattering of scenic groomed cruisers, but experts are the ones who’ll find their happy place. Advanced skiers and snowboarders will want to jump directly on the 100-person winter tram to the top of Rendezvous Mountain, at which point you’re looking at a leg-melting 4,139 feet of vertical drop to the base area, which is not only skiable in one sustained gulp, but offers a dizzying variety of chutes, bowls, glades, and cliff drops to get there. Even beginners should take a round-trip on the tram—from which you may spot experts plummeting into the legendary Corbet’s Couloir—for the top-of-the-world views from the summit.

If the 2,500 acres of intense in-bounds terrain doesn’t sate you, you can pass through the resort’s gates into another 3,000 acres of sidecountry powder (the resort’s Mountain Sports School offers excellent guides for backcountry neophytes).

Ask a Local 

Jess McMillan grew up ski racing at Jackson Hole and is now a professional skier and the 2007 IFSA World Tour Champion. Here are her recommendations.

Best Digs
Budget: The Hostel in Teton Village (at the base of the mountain)
Swank: Teton Mountain Lodge & Spa

Best Eats
Cheap: The cheapest good food is the Village Cafe in Teton Village. They have great pre-made breakfast burritos that you eat in tramline while waiting for the mountain to open, as well as to-die-for baked goods. The pizza is great. The Thai chicken burrito for lunch is a favorite.
Gourmet: Couloir is a must do while you’re in Jackson. It’s really cool to ride the gondola to dinner, and the food is incredible.

Best After-Ski Party Spot
Mangy Moose Restaurant and Saloon

Best Rest-Day Activity
Elk Refuge sleigh rides are a must—it’s so cool to be so close to the elk out on the refuge.

Jackson’s Classic Ski Run
“My favorite ski run is Alta 1. It is the quintessential steep chute in Jackson,” says McMillan. “For something a little less demanding, the classic run is Rendezvous Bowl to the Hobacks. It doesn't get much better than the 2,500 vert of wide open pow fields of the Hobacks.”

Jarash

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A Roman holiday in the Jordanian sands

Executive summary by darmansjah

A warm desert breeze whispers softly through Jarash’s hundreds of Roman columns, the bruised and fallen, the proud and unbending alike. It swishes about the Oval Forum, witness to this city’s ancient glory. Just 30 miles north of Jordan’s capital, Amman, Jarash was a part of the Decapolis, a set of semiautonomous cities that stretched across the Levant. With the visit of Emperor Hadrian in A.D. 129, it became the temporary seat of an empire. A new city has arisen, but Jarash remains home to some of the best preserved Roman ruins in the world.

“The city was covered by sand for so many years. Today, you can still feel how these people lived,” says tour guide Ayman Khattab. You can see the scars of chariots on the original stones along the Cardo Maximus. At the Hippodrome, you can almost hear the clash of gladiator battles. And at the South Theater, contemporary sounds emerge. Its annual summertime showcase of national and international music and poetry is Jordan’s preeminent cultural event. A modern concert surrounded by these ancient stones deserves a standing ovation. —Benjamin Orbach

Travel Tips

When to Go: Mid-April through June and September-October

Relevant Dates: The Jarash Festival of Culture and Arts is a multiweek, midsummer event typically beginning in early July.

Where to Stay: Lodging is limited in Jarash and abundant in the capital, Amman. Indulge in the luxurious Four Seasons Hotel Amman or the newly renovated (November 2012) Sheraton Amman Ali Nabil Hotel & Towers.

How to Get Around: Jarash is an easy day trip from Amman. Public buses are available, but hiring a taxi, private driver, or rental car is more efficient.

Where to Eat or Drink: In Amman, head downtown to Hashemfor quick and cheap local eats (falafel, hummus, hot mint tea), and to stately Fakhr El-Din Restaurant for a sumptuous Lebanese feast. Save room for the dessert: Halawet el Jebn(sweetened cheese with semolina).

What to Buy: Skip the tourist bazaar in Jarash. Instead, spend an evening meandering through the coffee shops, boutiques, and shisha(hookah) cafés lining Amman’s lively Rainbow Street. Buy spices, kaftans, and trinkets from the traditional souks along King Faisal Street.

Cultural Tips: Dress conservatively. Revealing clothing is inappropriate and shorts are rarely worn outside of hotel pool areas.

What to Read Before You Go: Memoirs of Hadrian, by Marguerite Yourcenar (2005). Originally published in France in 1951, this first-person narration blends fact and fiction to reveal inner workings of the emperor and his time.

Fun Fact: The wall in Britain is not the only place to get a feel for the extent of Hadrian’s empire. One of Jerash’s main attractions is Hadrian’s Arch, built to commemorate the emperor’s visit in A.D. 129.

Kalalau Trail, Kauai, Hawaii

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Ke’e Beach to Kalalau Valley

Executive summary by darmansjah

Round-Trip: 22 miles, 3 to 5 days

When to Go: May to September for drier weather; April or October for more solitude

The finest coastal hike in the world, this rugged route through Kauai’s impressive Nā Pali Coast will challenge you physically with tropical heat and steep trails, and scare you with exposure on muddy slopes. But after a day of slogging 11 miles through the fluted cliffs above surf that crashes like howitzer fire on the coast below, you are rewarded with a view of the impossibly serene mile-long arc of golden Kalalau Beach along the shimmering Pacific. The Kalalau Valley itself holds fairy-tale waterfalls and lush tropical jungle, well worthy of exploration, but the highlight is camping right on the beach, with the Western Pacific before you, reflecting the setting sun.

Insider Tip: It’s hot, and you’ll be tempted, but don’t even think about cooling off with a swim at Hanakapi’ai Beach on the way in. All those small, makeshift memorials are erected in the memory of hikers who thought they might enjoy wading in and were immediately swept out to sea by the violent rips.

Ketchum, Idaho

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Best For: Hard-carving skiers and boarders who like playing “spot the movie star” 

Executive summary by darmansjah

The original Rocky Mountain ski resort, Ketchum’s Sun Valley featured the world’s first chairlift when it opened in 1936 and was long the stomping ground for classic-era Hollywood. The upscale mountain and its opulent lodges still carry the grandeur of their pre-war days while the old mining and sheep town of Ketchum, population 2,689, maintains a rustic elegance, with gourmet restaurants and steak-and-microbrew saloons in century-old brick buildings. The resort village of Sun Valley borders Ketchum at the base of Dollar Mountain, the original ski hill and now an ideal learner’s area with a ski school, terrain park, and separate, inexpensive lift tickets.

The main action for serious skiers and boarders is over at Bald Mountain, on the other side of town (free shuttle buses available), which features 3,400 vertical feet of some of the finest groomed plunges in the world. If you like never-ending, perfectly pitched corduroy, this is your mountain. Snowboarders will appreciate the mountain’s complete lack of flat areas, and abundant high-speed lifts means no one waits long in line. The resort’s proximity to exactly zero major population centers means the slopes are perpetually free of crowds, and top-to-bottom snowmaking means you’ll always have smooth groomers to carve. Don’t miss the luxurious Seattle Ridge Lodge atop Bald Mountain's Seattle Ridge, where mesmerizing views span the wild Pioneer and Sawtooth Mountains and the Woody River Valley below.

Ask a Local
Professional skier Reggie Crist has spent most of his life in Sun Valley. The former U.S. Ski Team member regularly appears in ski movies and is currently a consultant/athlete for Eddie Bauer/First Ascent and K2 Sports. Here are his recommendations.

Best Digs
Budget: Lift Tower Lodge
Swank: Sun Valley Lodge (this is where Hemingway worked on For Whom the Bell Tolls)

Best Eats
Cheap: Pioneer Saloon
Gourmet: Michel's Christiania

Best After-Ski Party Spot
Apples Bar and Grill

Best Rest-Day Activity
Visit Galena Lodge for lunch and drive to see the Sawtooth Mountains.

Sun Valley’s Classic Ski Run
Warm Springs—3,100 vertical feet of leg burn

Grand Canyon, Arizona

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Executive summary by darmansjah

The Grand Canyon  is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the United States in the state of Arizona. It is contained within and managed by Grand Canyon National Park, the Hualapai Tribal Nation, and the Havasupai Tribe. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of preservation of the Grand Canyon area, and visited it on numerous occasions to hunt and enjoy the scenery. It is considered one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.

The Grand Canyon is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 18 miles (29 km) wide and attains a depth of over a mile (6,000 feet or 1,800 meters). Nearly two billion years of the Earth's geological history has been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted.[3] While the specific geologic processes and timing that formed the Grand Canyon are the subject of debate by geologists, recent evidence suggests the Colorado River established its course through the canyon at least 17 million years ago. Since that time, the Colorado River continued to erode and form the canyon to its present-day configuration.

For thousands of years, the area has been continuously inhabited by Native Americans who built settlements within the canyon and its many caves. The Pueblo people considered the Grand Canyon ("Ongtupqa" in Hopi language) a holy site and made pilgrimages to it.[8] The first European known to have viewed the Grand Canyon was García López de Cárdenas from Spain, who arrived in 1540


Mount Kilimanjaro, Kenya

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Executive summary by darmansjah

Kilimanjaro, with its three volcanic cones, Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira, is a dormant volcanic mountain in Kilimanjaro National Park, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. It is the highest mountain in Tanzania, the highest mountain in Africa, and the highest free-standing mountain in the world at 5,895 metres or 19,341 feet above sea level (Uhuru Peak/Kibo Peak).

Trekking Kilimanjaro


There are seven official trekking routes by which to ascend and descend Mount Kilimanjaro: Lemosho, Machame, Marangu, Mweka, Rongai, Shira, and Umbwe. Of all the routes, Machame is considered the most scenic, albeit steeper, route.It can be done in six or seven days.The Rongai is the easiest and least scenic of all camping routes. The Marangu is also relatively easy, but this route tends to be very busy, the ascent and descent routes are the same, and accommodation is in shared huts with all other climbers.

People who wish to trek to the summit of Kilimanjaro are advised to undertake appropriate research and ensure that they are both properly equipped and physically capable. Though the climb is technically not as challenging as when climbing the high peaks of the Himalayas or Andes, the high elevation, low temperature, and occasional high winds make this a difficult and dangerous trek. Acclimatisation is essential, and even the most experienced trekkers suffer some degree of altitude sickness. Kilimanjaro summit is well above the altitude at which high altitude pulmonary edema or high altitude cerebral edema can occur. All trekkers will suffer considerable discomfort, typically shortage of breath, hypothermia, and headaches.

High-altitude climbing clubs—citing safe ascent rate suggestions offered by organisations such as the Royal Geographical Society—have criticised the Tanzanian authorities for charging fees for each day spent on the mountain. It was once argued that this fee structure encouraged trekkers to climb rapidly to save time and money, while proper acclimatisation demands that delays are built into any high climb. However, in response to this accusation, the Tanzania National Parks Authority several years ago mandated minimum climb durations for each route. These regulations prohibit climbs of fewer than five days on the Marangu Route, and ensure a minimum of six days for the other five sanctioned routes. These minimums—particularly in the case of Marangu, which ostensibly allows that Uhuru Peak (5,895m) can be reached from a starting elevation at 1,860m within 72 hours of beginning the ascent—are reckoned by most alpinists to allow an ascent rate that will usually result in the climber failing to acclimatize adequately, by the time that Kibo Huts are reached; the launch base from which the summit is assaulted. Consequently, the incidence of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) is widely deemed to be unacceptably high on Kilimanjaro, with high volumes of fit young people succumbing to the condition, having opted for a relatively rapid ascent. As a general rule, it is far safer (and more enjoyable) to avoid altitude sickness by planning a sensible itinerary that allows for gradual acclimatisation to high elevation as one ascends. Operations that typically see in excess of a thousand climbers summitting annually and are best placed to identify such patterns, usually posit that an optimal climb length should last around seven to eight days.

Tanzanian Medical Services around the mountain have expressed concern recently over the current influx of tourists that apparently perceive Kilimanjaro as an easy walk. However this is not the case. Many individuals require significant attention during their attempts, and many are forced to abandon the trek. An investigation into the matter concluded that tourists visiting Tanzania were often encouraged to join groups heading up the mountain without being made aware of the significant physical demands of the climb, although many outfitters and tour operators flaunt high success rates for reaching the summit. The Kilimanjaro National Park shows that only 41% of trekkers actually reach the Uhuru summit with the majority turning around at Gilman’s Point, 300 metres (980 feet) short of Uhuru, or Stella Point, 200 (660 feet) meters short of Uhuru. Kilimanjaro is often underestimated because it can be walked and is not a technical climb. However, many mountaineers consider Kilimanjaro very physically demanding.

Some estimate that more people have died to date trekking up Kilimanjaro than Mount Everest but Everest is attempted by significantly fewer climbers. In August 2007 four trekkers died within a week underscoring the point that trekking to the summit should not be taken casually. Multiple people (trekkers, porters, and guides) die on the mountain each year. The majority of these deaths are porters, from hypothermia. Trekkers fall on steep portions of the mountain, and rock slides have killed trekkers. For this reason, the route via the Arrow Glacier was closed for several years. It re-opened in December 2007, but the park officials advise against taking that route and tell trekkers that they can climb, but at their own risk. When attempting the Arrow Glacier route, trekkers must leave early in the morning and make it past the rock face before mid-afternoon as when the sun comes out, unfrozen rock slides become quite common.


TALINN

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BY Stephen Whitlock, executive summary by darmansjah

Estonia is one of the smallest countries in Europe, but 1.3 million people belong to the people the happiest. Last year, the State covering an area of ​​45.000 km2 is celebrating 20 years of independence from Russia, as well as replacing its currency to the euro from Kroon. Still in 2011, the capital of Estonia, Talinn, crowned by the European Union as the cultural capital of Europe. Unlike many countries in the Blue Continent, the unemployment rate here is low, and the economy thanks to the presence of optimism wrapped in big companies such Skype.

Medieval walls


Start browsing through the walls of the medieval old town bordering the region. Was built in 1310 at the commandment of the King of Denmark, the fort continued to be extended to finally penetrate the one kilometer in the 16th century. Of the 46 towers that rose in that period, only 26 still exist, and three of them can be visited from Suurkloostri Gate. Enough to pay U.S. $ 1.70, you can climb the 45 steps to the castle and tower. One to watch: very steep stairs connecting the castle, dark, and narrow. Those who bring children, suffer from claustrophobia, or the use of high heels should avoid this place.

Culinary and Fashion

Tired of exploring the castle, now the time to fill the stomach. Visit the trendiest restaurants in Talinn, Sfaar (Mere puiestee 6E, 03 732 56.9922 million; www.sfaar.ee) interior featuring white walls, stylish chair Denmark, and pottery made by finland-a combination that shows the influence of culture in the Nordic countries neighboring Estonia. Even so, for the affairs of the menu, Sfaar committed to the local taste. Two flagship is the wild boar meat pie(U.S. $ 15) and fried eggs with venison sausage (U.S. $ 4). Finished eating the main meal, do not skip dessert, particularvariety ofpastrieswithcheesecurds (milk cows). The restaurant is open from eight to 23 also has a clothing store selling a variety of European labels, one of Sweden Acne.

Electro Pop

especiallyIf you wanta beerthatis servedmedievalcostumedgirlwithlute (a traditional European guitar )accompaniment ofavariety ofpastrieswithcheesecurds, Tallinn is the right destination. But such places are usually crowded by tourists. For a different atmosphere, visit the Butterfly Lounge (Vana-Viru 13/Aia 4, 0372 56 903 703; kokteilibaar.ee). Bar, which opened in 2010 offers a martini cocktail (U.S. $ 6.50) are served by waiters dressed in pink, with background music electro pop era of the 1980s. Each mixed cocktails seriously, and a host of trophies from various mixology competition proves the dedication of this place in concocting drinks.

Resto Winter

Nehemiah (Lootsi 4, 0372 6022222; www.neh.ee) is one of the ideal excuse to wander at night. Restaurant occupies two floors are stone-walled house is only operated in the winter. Beyond that period, the staff fled to Padaste Manor, hostels lluks Muhu Island, about 160km southwest Talliin. And delicious menu  in Neh is ostrich with pine vodka sauce and quince fruit(like pears) with ice cream roses and gray grass. Meal for two without drinks around US$ 112.

Forbidden

Lift the Sokos Hotel Viru (Viru valjak 4, 0372 6 809 300; www.sokoshotels.fi) did not reach the top floor. The reason, in the roof of the hotel room once used as headquarters of the KGB. On January 2011, the room was reopened in the form of a small museum that offers tours in English (U.S. $ 9). SomeamateursimpressedornamentKGBcamouflagetechniquesfromthe perspective ofthe current password, for example, writing in Russian on the door which means 'Empty Space'. However sophisticated intelligence techniques. The agents can install listening devices in rooms, telephones, steam room, and even ashtrays. Jokes the guide of life in the Uni-Soviet sounds scary and ridiculous.

Onion domes


dining find Orthodox Cathedral of Estonia, St. Alexander Nevsky (Pikk 64-4, 0372 641 1301, www.orthodox.ee), housed within a dome-shaped building onion. For the route home, take the road through the park king of Denmark, the best location to watch the spectacular panorama of the old town.

Incisor
The name of the oldest cafes in Tallinn is still used today: maiasmokk (Pikk 16, 0372 64 64 079; www.kalev.ee), meaning 'the sweet-toothed', a fitting description for the majority of Estonia. Since 1864, this place is constantly invaded by fans of the traditional cake (US $ 5). There is a cafe right next to Kalev Marzipan Room Museum, the museum contains a variety of marzipan sculptures made of almonds in California and painted different colors. For a more modern sense, to cross the road to Anneli Viik (Pikk 30, 0372 644 4530; anneliviik.ee), cozy cafe that sells handmade chocolate truffles and hot chocolate (truffles U.S. $ 1; cokelatpanas US$ 4.60).

Music Independence

Although Tallinn is populated less than 500,000 souls, concert halls here presents a variation of music that could satisfy the millions of people. Almost every night, Estonia Concert Hall(0372 614 7760, www.concert.ee) and the Estonian National Opera (0372 683 1201, www.opera.ee) entertained generations of visitors. Both buildings are located in Estonia Ppuiestee 4, outside the old town. Before or after the show, sit for a moment in Wabadus(Vabaduse valjak 10, 0372 53 701 903, www.wabadus.ee), lounge whose name means'independence'-a stark contrast compared to the original name, Moskva (Moscow).

Eat in Heaven

Late for dinner? Visit the O (mere puiestee 6E, 0372 661 6150, http://www.restoran-o.ee) right next to Sfaar. Its name (pronounced uur) is a Swedish alphabet, which means island. Decorative thin fabric that hung from the ceiling and carved angel wings on light make dining at this place like paradise. Open for dinner serving with red beet or fruit soup boiled eel with apple wine. To avoid confusion with a choice of menu, buy the package containing six small meals US $ 85.

Mini Towel

Mayorits curb in Tallinn filled with shops and street vendors selling amber and linen fabrics. You may not like amber, but always interesting mini towel as a souvenir. Most linen adopt a traditional design, but at Zizi(Suur-Karja 2 and Vene 12, 0372 644 1155; www.zizihome.eu). You will find a striking pattern, bernai, too modern. Zizi sells various souvenirs, ranging from napkins and tablecloths to sheets and pillows - all made of linen typical Estonia and priced at an affordable price (US $ 6 mini towel).

Closing Tour

Before leaving, devote some time to visit the Bonaparte Deli (Pikk 47, 0373 024 6464; Bonaparte.ee), an international culinary outlets peddling, ranging from Japanese tea, wine New Zealand, until the bread round Ireland. Estonia typical pastries containing bacon and minced meat is an ideal snack after tracing cobbled streets in Tallinn. The name of this cake is quite difficult to pronounce, toorsuitsupeekonihakklihapirukas, but at least he was tasty and cheap US$ 1.33.
GettingThere


Meanwhile, only KLMwhich fliesfrom Jakarta toTallinn(www.klm.com) Hotelthat exudesthe charm ofthe old town, The ThreeSisters, shade23 roomsin thebuildingofthe 14th century. Figures ina world ofstayingin his room, call it InggirQueenandthe Emperor of Japan(Pikk 71/Tolli2, 03726306300,threesistershotel.com, ranging fromU.S. $330). Occupyingthe formeroldpost office, hotelsuiteTelegraafovershadoweach ofthe pastmenggusungcelebrity names, for example,SamuelMorseandAlexanderGrahamBell(Vene 9, 03726000600; telegraafhotel.com, ranging from$ 197


Antartica, USA

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Executive summary by darmansjah

McMurdo Station is a U.S. Antarctic research centre located on the southern tip of Ross Island, which is in the New Zealand-claimed Ross Dependency on the shore of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. It is operated by the United States through the United States Antarctic Program, a branch of the National Science Foundation. The station is the largest community in Antarctica, capable of supporting up to 1,258 residents, and serves as the United States Antarctic science facility. All personnel and cargo going to or coming from Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station first pass through McMurdo

Communications

For a time, McMurdo had Antarctica's only television station, AFAN-TV, running vintage programs provided by the military. The station's equipment was susceptible to "electronic burping" from the diesel generators that provide electricity in the outpost. The station was profiled in a 1974 article in TV Guide magazine. Now, McMurdo receives three channels of the US Military's American Forces Network, the Australia Network, and New Zealand news broadcasts. Television broadcasts are received by satellite at Black Island, and transmitted 25 miles (40 km) by digital microwave to McMurdo.

McMurdo Stationreceives both Internet and voice communications by satellite communications via the Optus D1 satellite and relayed to Sydney, Australia. A satellite dish at Black Island provides 20 Mbit/s Internet connectivity and voice communications. Voice communications are tied into the United States Antarctic Program headquarters in Centennial, Colorado, providing inbound and outbound calls to McMurdo from the US.

Transportation

McMurdo has a harbor, the world's most southern. There is a road from McMurdo to the South Pole, the South Pole Traverse.
McMurdo is serviced seasonally by three airports:
Pegasus Ice Runway (ICAO: NZPG), a permanent (Blue) ice runway near Black Island
Sea Ice Runway (ICAO: NZIR), an annual runway constructed on the sea ice nearest McMurdo Station
William’s Field (ICAO: NZWD), a permanent snow runway
A multitude of on- and off-road vehicles transport people and cargo around the area, including Ivan the Terra Bus

Point of Interest
Albert P. Crary Science and Engineering Center (CSEC)
Chapel of the Snows Interfaith Chapel
Observation Hill
Discovery Hut, built during Scott's 1901–1903 expedition
Williams Field airport
Memorial plaque to three airmen killed in 1946 while surveying the territory
Ross Island Disc Golf Course

Falling Water, Pennsylvania

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Executive summary by darmansjah



Fallingwater or Kaufmann Residence is a house designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 in rural southwestern Pennsylvania, 43 miles (69 km) southeast of Pittsburgh.The home was built partly over a waterfall on Bear Run in the Mill Run section of Stewart Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in the Laurel Highlands of the Allegheny Mountains.

Hailed by Time shortly after its completion as Wright's "most beautiful job",it is listed among Smithsonian's Life List of 28 places "to visit before you die." It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966.In 1991, members of the American Institute of Architects named the house the "best all-time work of American architecture" and in 2007, it was ranked twenty-ninth on the list of America's Favorite Architecture according to the AIA.

Serengeti National Park, Kenya

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Executive summary by darmansjah

The Serengeti National Park is a Tanzanian national park in the Serengeti ecosystem in the Mara and Simiyu regions. It is famous for its annual migration of over 1.5 million white bearded (or brindled) wildebeest and 250,000 zebra and for its numerous Nile crocodile.

The park covers 14,750 km2 (5,700 sq mi) of grassland plains and savanna as well as riverine forest and woodlands. The park lies in the north of Tanzania, bordered to the north by the Kenyan border, where it is continuous with the Maasai Mara National Reserve. To the southeast of the park is the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, to the southwest lies Maswa Game Reserve, to the west are the Ikorongo and Grumeti Game Reserves, and to the northeast lies the Loliondo Game Control Area. Together, these areas form the larger Serengeti ecosystem.

Human habitation is forbidden in the park with the exception of staff for the Tanzania National Parks Authority, researchers and staff of Frankfurt Zoological Society, and staff of the various lodges and hotels. The main settlement is Seronera, which houses the majority of research staff and the park's main headquarters, including its primary airstrip.

The park is usually described as divided into three regions:

Serengeti plains: the endless, almost treeless grassland of the south is the most emblematic scenery of the park. Other hoofed animals - zebra, gazelle, impala, hartebeest, topi, buffalo, waterbuck - also occur in huge numbers during the wet season.     Western corridor: the "black cotton" (actually black clay) soil covers the swampy savannah of this region. The Grumeti River is home to enormous Nile crocodiles, colobus monkey, and the martial eagle. The migration passes through from May to July.

Northern Serengeti: the landscape is dominated by open woodlands (predominantly Commiphora) and hills, ranging from Seronera in the south, to the Mara river in the border with Kenya. More than 3,000 lions live in this ecosystem.

African Leopard: these reclusive predators are commonly seen in the Seronera region but are present throughout the national park with the population at around 1,000.

African Elephant: the herds are recovering from population lows in the 1980s caused by poaching and are largely located in the northern regions of the park.

Individuals from the Masai Mara Reserve cross the park border and enter Serengeti from the northern section at times.

African Buffalo: still abundant and present in healthy numbers, but numbers have been somewhat reduced due to disease.

An impalaat the park in March 2011

The park also supports many other species, including cheetah, Thomson's and Grant's gazelle, topi, eland, waterbuck, hyena, baboon, impala, African wild dog, and giraffe. The park also boasts about 500 bird species, including ostrich, secretary bird, Kori bustard, crowned crane, marabou stork, martial eagle, lovebirds, and many species of vultures.



Northern Light, Iceland

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Northern Lights City Break

Executive summary by darmansjah

Hunt for the amazing Northern Lights in Iceland. Flights available from London Heathrow, London Gatwick, Manchester and Glasgow with travel period until March 2014. 

Have you always wanted to see the Northern Lights?  Searching for the Northern Lights is an adventure that makes a perfect city break, romantic getaway or family holiday. And the ideal place to take a Northern Lights holiday is Iceland, which is a short flight from the UK, affordable and provides some of the best Northern Lights viewing conditions in the world from late August through April.  The package includes flights, three nights hotel (extra nights available) and an evening coach trip with Reykjavik Excursions to the best Northern Lights viewing location on that evening. It's not just the Northern Lights that make Iceland the best winter holiday destination. During your visit, spend time snowmobiling on glaciers, visit the steaming geysers or relax in the geothermal Blue Lagoon. You can customise your trip with add-ons from the popular Golden Circle tour to snorkelling a fissure between two tectonic plates. Plus you will have plenty of time to enjoy the cosy cafes, lively nightlife and the cool Nordic culture of Reykjavik. Hunt for the amazing Northern Lights in Iceland. Flights available from London Heathrow, London Gatwick, Manchester and Glasgow with travel period until March 2014.

This Iceland holiday package includes flights to Iceland, northern lights tour, glacier walk & accommodation in Reykjavik. Book your winter adventure in Iceland now!

Combine a trip to Reykjavik and the Capital of the North, Akureyri, to hunt for the Northern Lights a few miles from the Arctic Circle.



Great Wall, China

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Executive summary by darmansjah

The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various warlike peoples or forces. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall was reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty.


Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor.


The Great Wall stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east, to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi). This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall, 359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi)



Easter Land

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Executive summary by darmansjah

Easter Island is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called moai, created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park.

Polynesian people settled on Easter Island in the first millennium CE, and created a thriving culture, as evidenced by the moai and other artifacts. However, human activity, the introduction of the Polynesian rat and overpopulation led to gradual deforestation and extinction of natural resources, which caused the demise of the Rapa Nui civilization. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000–3,000 from a high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier. In recent times the island has served as a warning of the cultural and environmental dangers of exploitation. Diseases carried by European sailors and Peruvian slave raiding of the 1860s further reduced the Rapa Nui population, down to 111 in 1877.

Easter Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world The nearest inhabited land (50 residents) is Pitcairn Island at 2,075 kilometres (1,289 mi), and the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, at 3,512 kilometres (2,182 mi).

Easter Island is a special territory of Chile that was annexed in 1888. Administratively, it belongs to the Valparaíso Region and more specifically, is the only commune of the Province Isla de Pascua. According to the 2012 census, it has about 5,800 residents, of which some 60% are descendants of the aboriginal Rapa Nui.


Great Pyramid of Giza

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Executive summary by darmansjah

The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops in Greek) over a 10 to 20-year period concluding around 2560 BCE. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place.

Tikal

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Executive summary by darmansjah

is one of the largest archaeological sites and urban centres of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. It is located in the archaeological region of the Petén Basin in what is now northern Guatemala. Situated in the department of El Petén, the site is part of Guatemala's Tikal National Park and in 1979 it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Tikal was the capital of a conquest state that became one of the most powerful kingdoms of the ancient Maya.Though monumental architecture at the site dates back as far as the 4th century BC, Tikal reached its apogee during the Classic Period, ca. 200 to 900 AD. During this time, the city dominated much of the Maya region politically, economically, and militarily, while interacting with areas throughout Mesoamerica such as the great metropolis of Teotihuacan in the distant Valley of Mexico. There is evidence that Tikal was conquered by Teotihuacan in the 4th century AD. Following the end of the Late Classic Period, no new major monuments were built at Tikal and there is evidence that elite palaces were burned. These events were coupled with a gradual population decline, culminating with the site’s abandonment by the end of the 10th century.

Tikal is the best understood of any of the large lowland Maya cities, with a long dynastic ruler list, the discovery of the tombs of many of the rulers on this list and the investigation of their monuments, temples and palaces

Pompei, Italy

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Executive summary by darmansjah

The city of Pompeii was an ancient Roman town-city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area, was mostly destroyed and buried under 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) of ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.

Researchers believe that the town was founded in the seventh or sixth century BC and was captured by the Romans in 80 BC. By the time of its destruction, 160 years later, its population was probably approximately 20,000, with a complex water system, an amphitheater, gymnasium and a port.

The eruption was cataclysmic for the town. Evidence for the destruction originally came from a surviving letter by Pliny the Younger, who saw the eruption from a distance and described the death of his uncle Pliny the Elder, an admiral of the Roman fleet, who tried to rescue citizens. The site was lost for about 1500 years until its initial rediscovery in 1599 and broader rediscovery almost 150 years later by Spanish engineer Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre in 1748. The objects that lay beneath the city have been well preserved for thousands of years because of the lack of air and moisture. These artifacts provide an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city during the Pax Romana. During the excavation, plaster was used to fill in the voids between the ash layers that once held human bodies. This allowed one to see the exact position the person was in when he or she died.

Pompeii has been a tourist destination for over 250 years. Today it has UNESCO World Heritage Site status and is one of the most popular tourist attractions of Italy, with approximately 2.5 million visitors every year.

Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado

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Executive summary by darmansjah

Mesa Verde National Park is a U.S. National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. It is the largest archaeological preserve in the United States. The park was created in 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt, to protect some of the best-preserved cliff dwellings in the world, or as he said, "preserve the works of man". As a result, it is the first, and still only, cultural National Park set aside by the National Park System. It occupies 81.4 square miles (211 km2) near the Four Corners and features numerous ruins of homes and villages built by the Ancestral Puebloan people, sometimes called the Anasazi. There are over four thousand archaeological sites and over six hundred cliff dwellings of the Pueblo people at the site.


The Anasazi inhabited Mesa Verde between 600 to 1300, though there is evidence they left before the start of the fifteenth century. They were mainly subsistence farmers, growing crops on nearby mesas. Their primary crop was corn, the major part of their diet. Men were also hunters, which further increased their food supply. The women of the Anasazi are famous for their elegant basket weaving. Anasazi pottery is as famous as their baskets; their artifacts are highly prized. The Anasazi kept no written records.

By the year 750, the people were building mesa-top villages made of adobe. In the late 1190s, they began to build the cliff dwellings for which Mesa Verde is famous.

Mesa Verde is best known for cliff dwellings, which are structures built within caves and under outcroppings in cliffs — including Cliff Palace, thought to be the largest cliff dwelling in North America. The Spanish term Mesa Verde translates into English as "green table". It is considered to contain some of the most notable and best preserved archaeological sites

Mesa Verde's park entrance is on U.S. Route 160, about 9 miles (14 km) east of the community of Cortez and about 7 miles (11 km) west of Mancos, Colorado.

The park protects over 4,000 archaeological sites, including 600 separate cliff dwellings Of the park's 600 separate cliff dwellings, 230 of them have been assessed for damage, and may be repaired in the coming years.

The Mesa Verde Visitor and Research Center is located just off of Highway 160 and is before the park entrance booths. The Visitor and Research Center opened in December 2012. Chapin Mesa (the most popular area) is 20 miles (32 km) beyond the visitor center.

Park facilities and access:

The park's Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum is open all year.
Three of the cliff dwellings on Chapin Mesa are open to the public.
Spruce Tree House is open all year, weather permitting.
Balcony House, Long House and Cliff Palace require tour tickets for ranger-guided tours. Many other dwellings are visible from the road but not open to tourists.
The park offers hiking trails, a campground, and, during peak season, facilities for food, fuel, and lodging; these are unavailable in the winter.
Mesa Verde National Park is an area of federal exclusive jurisdiction. Because of this all law enforcement, emergency medical service, and wildland/structural fire duties are conducted by federal National Park Service Law Enforcement Rangers.
The Mesa Verde National Park Post Office has the ZIP Code 81330



Taj Mahal, India

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Executive summary by darmansjah

The Taj Mahalis a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage".

Taj Mahal is regarded by many as the finest example ofMughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian and Indian architectural styles.

In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. While the white domed marble mausoleum is the most familiar component of the Taj Mahal, it is actually an integrated complex of structures. The construction began around 1632 and was completed around 1653, employing thousands of artisans and craftsmen. The construction of the Taj Mahal was entrusted to a board of architects under imperial supervision, including Abd ul-Karim Ma'mur Khan, Makramat Khan, and Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. Lahauri is generally considered to be the principal designer.



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