Quantcast
Channel: Traveler Guide
Viewing all 1406 articles
Browse latest View live

Uruguay

$
0
0
Executive summary by darmansjah

A laid-back vibe, day trip-friendly dimensions (only 68,036 square miles/176,215 square kilometers), and lively beach scene make Uruguay a favorite getaway for the South American jet set.

The capital city, Montevideo, pulses to the rhythm of candombe, the thunderous Afro-Uruguayan, three-drum sound fueling spontaneous street parades, as well as the all-night Desfile de las Llamadas, the featured event of Montevideo Carnaval. In southwestern Uruguay, stroll the winding, cobblestone streets of Colonia del Sacramento’s 17th-century historic district—a UNESCO World Heritage site that’s only a 50-minute high-speed ferry ride from Buenos Aires—to explore the country’s Portuguese roots. Go west to the hilly interior to play gaucho at a luxury dude ranch or a more traditional working estancia, where tourists can trade labor for trail time. For sun and surf, hit the beaches of Punta del Este, the narrow peninsula dividing the waters of the Rio de la Plata and the Atlantic Ocean.

A hand sculpture on Playa Brava, a beach on Punta del Este


Valparaíso

$
0
0
Chile’s soulful port apart


Executive summary by darmansjah

Generations of creative pilgrims have been hooked by Valparaíso’s weathered beauty and bohemian vibe. Travelers have followed suit, coming for the romantic allure of its 42 cerros (hills) that ascend sharply from the water. Stacked high with faded mansions, 19th-century funiculars, and battered cobblestones, Valparaíso stands in contrast to the glitzy Viña del Mar resort town to the north. As Chile’s vital harbor, it retains the signature grittiness and edge that often endow ports. But Valparaíso is also welcoming a boom of eateries serving inventive Chilean fare, quirky bars offering hoppy microbrews, and antiques-packed B&Bs.

Pablo Neruda, whose former home, La Sebastiana, still lords over Cerro Bellavista, wrote Valparaíso-inspired verse: “I love, Valparaíso, everything you enfold, and everything you irradiate, sea bride … I love the violent light with which you turn to the sailor on the sea night.” A meander through its tangle of steep alleyways and stairways reveals eye-catching street art and ocean views from pedestrian passages that hug the slopes. Then a cool breeze comes off the Pacific, night falls, and silhouettes of hills appear against darker skies, infusing Valparaíso with poetry that seeps through its every pore. —Anja Mutić


Travel Tips

When to Go: November-March (Southern Hemisphere summer)

Relevant Dates: The city is packed at the end of December for the raucous Carnaval de Valparaíso, culminating in a New Year's Eve fireworks show over the harbor.

Where to Stay: Book a bay view room or suite in a restored Cerro Alegre mansion-turned-boutique hotel like plush Casa Higueras or family-run Hotel Acontraluz.

How to Get Around: Use buses, trolleybuses, and shared taxis (colectivos) for local travel, and Metro Valparaíso, called Merval, for regional trips. Ride the remaining (about 15) funky funicular railways (ascensores) up to hilltop neighborhoods.

Where to Eat or Drink: Wander among the fresh fruit, vegetable, flower, and fish stalls at El Mercado Cardonal (closed Sundays), then head upstairs to any of the market's small, affordable seafood restaurants. Grab beer and chorrillana (a local fried steak, egg, potato, and onion concoction) at a traditional port pub like Bar La Playa on Calle Serrano.

What to Buy: On weekends and during holidays, browse through rare and secondhand books at Feria de Antiguedades y Libros La Merced.

Wanaka, New Zealand

$
0
0
Best For: Skiing and snowboarding addicts from the Northern Hemisphere who just can’t let go when winter slips away 

Executive summary by darmansjah

Quickly developing a reputation as one of the world’s premier adventure towns, Wanaka sits on the shores of sprawling Lake Wanaka amid New Zealand’s Southern Alps. Surrounded by rugged, Lord of the Rings-style alpine scenery, the tranquil town of 5,000 is peppered with hostels, cafes, pubs, and small, luxury eco-lodges. As is customary in New Zealand ski towns, there’s no skiing right there, but four ski areas are within a 40-minute drive, including one, Snow Park NZ—teenage boys with pants that need to be pulled up, take note—that is essentially one big world-class terrain park.

Treble Cone, 35 minutes from town, is the best and closest, with more snow and skiable terrain than any other South Island resort. In typical New Zealand style, the entire ski area is above tree line. It’s also steep, offering intermediates an array of plummeting, groomed runs but limiting the options for beginners. Almost half of the runs are rated expert, and the in-bounds, backcountry-style terrain—a collection of wide-open bowls, chutes, and ridges—is what makes the area sing. Cardrona Alpine Resort, a 40-minute drive south, has more beginner terrain, a quality ski school, and on-mountain lodging.

Though New Zealand isn’t blessed by the powder gods the way, say, Japan and the American Rockies are, Wanaka gets the most snow in the country, with just over 200 inches in an average year. Seasons are reversed here in the Southern Hemisphere—Wanaka’s ski season runs from June through October—making it an excellent choice for “summer” skiing and snowboarding.

Ask a Local 

Jossi Wells is a 21-year-old professional freeskier who was born and raised in Wanaka. Here are his recommendations.

Best Digs
Budget: YHA Wanaka Purple Cow
Swank: Lakeside Apartments

Best Eats
Cheap: Redstar
Gourmet: Botswana Butchery

Best After-Ski Party Spot
Ruby’s Cinema & Bar

Best Rest-Day Activity
Puzzling World

Wanaka’s Classic Ski Run
Arcadia Chutes at Cardrona Alpine Resort

Whistler, British Columbia

$
0
0
Best For: Skiers and snowboarders who want the biggest of everything

Executive summary by darmansjah

Whistler Blackcomb is North America's mega-mountain. A gargantuan ski resort in British Columbia’s Coast Mountains, and a two-hour drive from Vancouver’s international airport, it hosts two conjoined areas—Whistler and Blackcomb. It gets the most snow, has some of the longest vertical drops, the largest terrain parks, the steepest steeps, the most runs, and the greatest acreage of any ski area on the continent. In other words, it’s large. Ski magazines routinely anoint it the finest ski area in North America.

Which is why it makes this list, even if the "town" at its base was only developed in the decades following the ski area’s opening in 1966 (Blackcomb opened in 1980). It has since mushroomed into a sprawling resort village that may lack the charm of a historic mountain town, but with over 20,000 beds, 3,000 hard-partying ski bums, er, “seasonal workers,” and untold thousands of visiting skiers from all over the world, it doesn't lack excitement. There are several quieter sub-villages, but Whistler Village is the area's epicenter. Wisely developed with car-free streets and plazas, it's a buzzing hive of condos, restaurants, and nightclubs, with gondolas leaving directly from the village up either mountain. Whistler Blackcomb’s popularity does come at a price—everything here is expensive, lift lines can be long, and you’ll need reservations for dinner—but with 8,171 acres of skiing and around 5,000 feet of vertical (on each of two separate mountains) most people are too busy swimming in endorphins to complain.

Ask a Local 

Leslie Anthony is one of the world’s top ski writers and author of White Planet: A Mad Dash Through Modern Global Ski Culture. He was drawn to Whistler in 1999 by its “glaciated alpine terrain, relentless powder, big-city feel, and the fact that it was the center of the big-mountain freeski universe.” Here are his recommendations.

Best Digs
Budget: If you don’t want to stay at a hostel (of which there are several), the Aava Whistler Hotel is the best.
Swank: Fairmont Chateau Whistler

Best Eats
Cheap: Pasta Lupino
Gourmet: Umberto's Trattoria

Best After-Ski Party Spot
There are three separate base areas, so here's one for each: Dusty's Bar & BBQ in Creekside, GLC in Whistler Village, and Merlin's Bar & Grill at Blackcomb Base.

Best Rest-Day Activity
Bobsledding, the tube park, Scandinave Spa Whistler

Whistler Blackcomb’s Classic Ski Run
Blackcomb Glacier on Blackcomb Mountain or Peak to Creek on Whistler Mountain

White tower Thessaloniki

$
0
0
A bolt of Greece lightning

Executive summary by darmansjah

Thessaloniki’s sparkling harbor is almost empty—a good thing. It remains one of the last urban seafronts in southern Europe not hemmed in by a giant marina. Instead, wooden caïques still ply the quiet bay while footpaths trace the meandering waterfront of Greece’s second largest city, some 320 miles north—and a world away—from chaotic Athens.

Although the euro crisis has caused ripples of discontentment here, it’s the century-old street markets filled with ripe fruits and barrels of fresh feta that symbolize this city. Tucked between relics of Byzantine and Ottoman antiquity are art galleries, bohemian nightclubs, and culinary hot spots, all part of a grassroots vision turned reality by Thessaloniki’s large (about 50 percent of the population) do-it-yourself youth culture. “We are driven by our optimism and positive energy for a new way of living that embraces our heritage,” says Vicky Papadimitiou, a university graduate who helped Thessaloniki garner official status as the 2014 European Youth Capital.

The best way to get the feel of this mission-driven city is on foot, walking from the ruins of Ano Poli to Aristotelous Square on the waterfront. Then cozy up to a café to nibble grilled calamari washed down with dry Macedonian wine. —Costas Christ

Travel Tips

When to Go: High season is July-August. June and September offer summerlike weather but lighter crowds.

Relevant Dates: International Thessaloniki Film Festival is every November; the annual International Book Fair is in May.

Where to Stay: Walk to museums, cafes, and Aristotelous Square from sleek and serene Daios Luxury Livinghotel. Executive Sea View rooms overlook the gulf, the landmark White Tower, and the harbor.

How to Get Around: Blue and white OASTH (Urban Transport Organization of Thessaloniki) buses are a safe, efficient, and affordable option for city and area-wide travel.

Where to Eat or Drink: Try Nea Diagonios for soutzoukakia(spiced meatballs) and gyros, 7 Thalasses (Seven Seas) for mithopilafo (mussels with rice), and Mpakaliarakia tou Aristou for fish and chips. Save room for Thessaloniki’s signature sweet, trigona. The syrup-soaked baklava stuffed with cream is handmade at Trigona Elenidis pastry shop.

What to Buy: Shop for exotic spices and sample fresh fruits at traditional markets, including glass-roofed Modiano and the Kapani food market, and in the shops around Athonos Square.

What to Watch Before You Go: Never on Sunday, a 1960 comedy classic in which popular Greek actress turned politician Melina Mercouri introduced international cinema audiences to the natural beauty, bouzouki music, and joy of Greek life.

Fun Fact: In 316 B.C., Macedonian King Kassandros renamed the village of Therma Thessaloniki after his wife, the half sister of Alexander the Great. Legend says the queen (murdered by her middle son) lives on as an Aegean mermaid.

Helpful Links: Greek National Tourist Organization

Whitefish, Montana

$
0
0
Best For: Families and groups with disparate skiing abilities 

Executive summary by darmansjah

Whitefish, a former logging and railroad town of more than 6,000 near the entrance to Glacier National Park, has been quietly delivering glitz-free Montanaskiing for over half a century. Despite a recent influx of Mercedes and fur coats, the town has managed to maintain its appealingly rough-hewn character. The newly rechristened Whitefish Mountain Resort, the resort formerly known as Big Mountain, looms invitingly above the bars and restaurants of the Western-style downtown, which is anchored by Whitefish’s historic train station. About 15 percent of Whitefish’s winter visitors arrive via daily train service, which, combined with the free skier shuttle that connects town to mountain, makes car-free trips here easy.

Whitefish the ski area lives up to its family-friendly billing with good first-timer terrain and an abundance of long, wide-open, roller coaster groomers where skiers and snowboarders of all abilities can get their superhero on. A high-speed quad speeds to the mountain’s summit, which is often engulfed in clouds and studded with thickly rimmed, white trees known as “snow ghosts.” The ghosts make for atmospheric glade skiing. Experts will find ample pockets of steep and deep terrain, including an abundance of backwoods tree skiing on the mountain’s less visited north side. Crowds are rarely a problem anywhere on the mountain. On clear days, views from the Summit House cafeteria into Glacier are stunning.

Ask a Local

Ski patroller and fly-fishing guide Ryan Friel is a 17-year resident of Whitefish and one of the founding editors of the Whitefish Review literary journal. Here are his recommendations.

Best Digs
Budget: Hibernation House, on the mountain, is dirt cheap, with breakfast included.
Swank: The Lodge at Whitefish Lake has ice-skating on the lake and a hot tub near shore with views of the mountain.

Best Eats
Cheap: At the Buffalo Cafe, you can split any of the buffalo pies, a breakfast delight of hashbrowns, ham, cheese, and eggs (with no buffalo meat), and still feel like you had a meal.
Gourmet: Tupelo Grille has a great dinner menu: chicken and dumplings, a phenomenal wine selection, and a bread pudding that’s not to be overlooked.

Best After-Ski Party Spot
Don’t miss the local flair at the on-mountain Bierstube: good bar food, cheap drinks, and the vibe that says ápres.

Best Rest-Day Activity
Go shopping in Whitefish’s pedestrian-friendly, vibrant downtown and take tours of the Great Northern Brewery.

Whitefish’s Classic Run
The world-class groomers always make Inspiration and Big Ravine cruising delights. Advanced skiers should head for the East Rim and the Picture Chutes

Winter Tour, Bozeman, Montana, to Jackson, Wyoming

$
0
0
Hiker: Conrad Anker, mountaineer and explorer

Executive summary by darmansjah

My dream hike would actually be to ski from Bozeman to Jackson in early spring. I have long wanted to view the Yellowstone area from the comfort of skis and a sled. A traverse of the Yellowstone hot spot would be neat from a geological standpoint. —Conrad Anker

Length: Roughly 216 miles

The Details: Anker’s life-list trip takes in one of the wildest cores of public land in the continental United States, crossing Gallatin National Forest, Yellowstone National Park, and Grand Teton National Park. At the heart of the trip lies the Yellowstone hot spot, the massive supervolcano that’s the source of the park’s geothermal wonders and which has been exhibiting increasing activity over the past decade. The park is also the home to the continent's most charismatic megafauna—grizzly bears, wolves, bison, and wolverines—alongside herds of elk and mule deer.

It would take the type of expedition logistics that Anker has mastered over his career to pull it off, however. The route itself is not determined. Careful planning and calorie-and-nutrition counting would be a must. Snow conditions could range from deadly slab avalanches to grueling spring glop, depending on the finicky weather moods of the Northern Rockies. An easier but longer option would be to parallel U.S. 191 and then travel along the closed roads in Yellowstone. A more daring option would be to head into the high country behind Bozeman and make a direct traverse across the park.

Of course, it does not need to be a ski trip, although not needing a trail allows for more creative routes (and the opportunity for corn or powder snow turns). Existing trails, overland travel, bushwhacking, and scrambling could bring an intrepid summer hiker along the same journey. Permits are required to backcountry camp and travel in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks.

When to Go: Spring, when the avalanche conditions have stabilized and temperatures start to warm up

About Anker: Conrad Anker has reached that rare status of celebrity mountaineer. Since the 1980s, he has accumulated a list of daring ascents on every continent, spanning the gamut from big-wall rock climbs on Yosemite’s El Capitan to an expedition on Antarctica’s Rakekniven Peak, featured on the cover of National Geographic in a story by Jon Krakauer. In 1999, Anker touched history when he found the body of legendary mountaineer George Mallory, who had been missing since 1924, on Everest.

According to the North Face-sponsored climber and consultant, his crowning achievement came in 2011, when he, Jimmy Chin, and Renan Ozturk became the first to summit the difficult Shark’s Fin of 20,700-foot Meru in India’s Gharwal Himalaya. The climb had foiled Anker twice before and required a full palette of rock, ice, and alpine skills to pull off. Beyond that hard-core resume, Anker simply enjoys spending what time he can at his home in Bozeman, Montana, getting out in the Rockies with his wife and sons.

Wonders of the World

$
0
0


Earth’s most awesome places

The planet’s dramatic history reveals itself in the world’s oldest and deepest lake, Russia’s Baikal
 
Executive summary by darmansjah

Sky 

Altipiano, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina

Redwoods, California

Reclaimed by Nature Machu Picchu, Peru

Northern Lights, Arctic Circle

Mount Everest, Nepal

Land

Yellowstone, Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana

The Sahara, North Africa

Hawai’I Volcanoes, Hawai’i

Cave of Crystals, Mexico

Grand Canyon, Arizona

Reclaimed by Nature Angkor Wat, Cambodia

Great Rift Valley, East Africa


Patagonia, Argentina and Chile

Krubera Cave, Georgia

Tongario, New Zealand

Water

Blue holes, the Bahamas

Fjords, Norway

Kelp Forests, California

North Shore, Hawai’i

Reclaimed by Nature Garden Under the Sea, Grenada

Victoria Falls, Zambia and Zimbabwe

Lake Baikal, Russia

Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Rain Forest, Borneo

Blue Lagoon, Iceland

And in the ancient rocks of Africa’s Great Rift Valley.


 

Yangtze River, China

$
0
0
Executive summary by darmansjah

The Yangtze Riveror Chang Jiangis the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world. It flows for 6,418 kilometers (3,988 mi) from the glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai eastward across southwest, central and eastern China before emptying into the East China Sea at Shanghai. It is also one of the biggest rivers by discharge volume in the world. The Yangtze drains one-fifth of the land area of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and its river basin is home to one-third of the PRC's population.

Along with the Yellow River, the Yangtze is the most important river in the history, culture and economy of China. The prosperous Yangtze River Delta generates as much as 20% of the PRC's GDP. The Yangtze River flows through a wide array of ecosystems and is itself habitat to several endemic and endangered species including the Chinese alligator and the Yangtze sturgeon. For thousands of years, people have used the river for water, irrigation, sanitation, transportation, industry, boundary-marking and war. The Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River is the largest hydro-electric power station in the world.

In recent years, the river has suffered from industrial pollution, agricultural run-off, siltation, and loss of wetland and lakes, which exacerbates seasonal flooding. Some sections of the river are now protected as nature reserves. A stretch of the Yangtze flowing through deep gorges in western Yunnan is part of the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Zermatt, Switzerland

$
0
0
Best For: Photographers with a taste for old-world culture and never-ending descents

Executive summary by darmansjah

Switzerland is a country of classic ski towns, but Zermatt is its crown jewel. To many, it is the world’s ultimate ski resort. Though surrounded by several glacier-clad peaks, everything here—the town, the skiing, the sky—is dominated by the spiking pyramid of the mighty Matterhorn, one of the most distinctive mountains on Earth. The village itself allows only electric cars (you arrive by rail), and luxury hotels sit side by side with centuries-old wooden barns. Streets are narrow and cobbled; restaurants are abundant and expensive. It’s everything you imagine a Swiss ski village to be.

Zermatt offers three interconnected Swiss skiing zones, each with its own cluster of lifts and all skiable with a single ticket and accessible directly from town. There are also two ski zones just across the Italian border. The scenery is unrelentingly stunning but the skiing and snowboarding is even more so, with vertical drops of up to 7,152 feet on terrain that varies from never-ending cruisers to north-facing powder runs. The more than 50 on-mountain restaurants are among the finest anywhere, and taking time for a relaxed lunch is de rigueur.

Don’t miss the ride on the Matterhorn Glacier Paradise cable car—the highest in the Alps—on which you can descend 12 miles into the Italian area of Cervinia (joint lift tickets available), where a midday meal costs half the price you’d pay in Switzerland.

Ask a Local 

Longtime Zermatt resident Amadé Perrig is a former ski racer and instructor and the retired CEO of Zermatt Resort. He has climbed the Matterhorn more than 20 times. Here are his recommendations.

Best Digs
Budget: Hotel Bahnhof is a simple, low-budget hotel that is well known by climbers.
Swank: The Mont Cervin Palace is an old, classic, five-star hotel.

Best Eats
Cheap: Walliserkanne has a really good low-budget menu.
Gourmet: Try Chez Heini for high-quality lamb in the company of celebrities.

Best After-Ski Party Spot
Unique Hotel Post Zermatt has five bars, including one with live music.

Best Rest-Day Activity
Visit the Matterhorn Museum to learn about the history of the mountain, the first ascent, and more.
Zermatt’s Classic Ski Run
“National, it’s very steep and you can carve,” says Perrig.

Yamadera

$
0
0
Yamadera is a scenic temple located in the mountains northeast of Yamagata City. The temple grounds extend high up a steep mountainside, from where there are great views down onto the valley. The temple was founded over a thousand years ago in 860 as a temple of the Tendai sect under the official name Risshakuji. Its popular name, Yamadera, literally means "mountain temple" in Japanese.
The base of the mountain is located about a five minute walk from the Yamadera train station, and there are dozens of shops and restaurants that cater to the temple's many visitors. There is also a small visitor center just across the bridge along the way from the station to the temple.

During the early Heian Period (794-1185), the Emperor Seiwa sent one of the country's most important Buddhist priests to the country's frontier region in the Tohoku Region. That priest, Jikaku Daishi, founded Yamadera in present day Yamagata Prefecture, which at the time was part of the Dewa Province at the very northern extreme of the national borders.

Yamadera is also known for a visit by the famous poet Basho, who composed one of his most enduring haiku there. During Basho's journey into northern Japan in the late 1600s he stopped at Yamadera and composed a short poem about the stillness and silence of the area. Nowadays, a statue of Basho and a rock inscription of his famous poem can be found in the lower area of the temple grounds.

Located around the base of the mountain are several temple buildings, including Konponchudo Hall, Yamadera's main hall. The beech wood building is the temple's oldest and stores Buddhist statues and a flame that is said to have been burning since Yamadera's foundation. The flame had been brought from Enryakuji Temple in Kyoto, the head temple of the Tendai sect, to which Yamadera belongs. Also around the mountain's base stands a small treasure house that requires an entrance fee.

To reach the upper area of the temple grounds, visitors must hike up a trail that leads up the mountainside. The ascent takes about 30 minutes and begins after the Sanmon Gate, located a couple minutes' walk from the main hall, where a small entry fee must be paid.

The stone path up the mountain has about 1000 steps, which might make the approach difficult for some visitors. There are stone lanterns and small statues in the surrounding forest along the way that make for an atmospheric hike. Near the top, the route passes by the massive Mida Hora rock, which is shaped like Amida Buddha. Shortly after, visitors will reach the Niomon Gate, built in the 19th century and one of the temple's newer buildings, from where the upper temple area begins.

Past the Niomon Gate there are many temple buildings at various points along the mountainside. The area is open and affords wonderful views out into the valley, in contrast to the lack of views along the ascent through the forest. One of Yamadera's most famous buildings, the Kaisando Hall and the smaller, adjacent Nokyodo building are located up and to the left of the gate. The Kaisando Hall is dedicated to the temple's founder, Jikaku Daishi, while the Nokyodo was used for copying sutra.

Past the Kaisando Hall there are more stairs that lead up to the Godaido Hall, an observation deck with the best views onto the valley below. The building dates back to the early 1700s and extends out over the cliff. Hiking beyond the Godaido Hall is not possible, but there is a path that leads from the Niomon Gate further into the mountain to the Okunoin area. Within the Daibutsuden Hall there is a large statue of Amida Buddha that can be observed from outside.

South of Yamadera and the train station there is an entertainment complex called Fuga no Kuni which offers visitors a variety of interesting activities. There is a museum dedicated to Basho that focuses on his trip to northern Japan and a museum of western art that displays paintings, sculpture and pottery. Fuga no Kuni also has restaurants and shops where visitors can enjoy a meal or purchase souvenirs.

Blue Moon, Purple Mountain

$
0
0


Executive summary by darmansjah

Looking as otherworldly as the moon that hangs near it, Mount Fitzoryin Parque Nacional los Glaciares, Argentina, presents a sheer granite face that is one of mountaineering’s greatest challenges.


Los Glaciares National Parkis a federal protected area in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, the second largest national park in the country, comprising an area of 726,927 ha (7,269.27 km2; 2,806.68 sq mi). Established in 1937,it houses a representative sample of the Magellanic Subpolar Forest and westernPatagonian Steppe biodiversity in good state of conservation. In 1980 it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.


The park's name refers to the giant ice cap in the Andes range that feeds 47 large glaciers, of which 13 flow towards the Atlantic Ocean. The ice cap is the largest outside of Antarctica and Greenland. In other parts of the world, glaciers start at a height of at least 2,500 m (8,200 ft) above mean sea level, but due to the size of the ice cap, these glaciers begin at only 1,500 m (4,900 ft), sliding down to 200 m (660 ft) Los Glaciares borders Torres del Paine National Park to the south in Chilean territory.

 



Landscapes

$
0
0
Executive summary by darmansjah

That seize our imagination, “ Land is immortal, for it harbors the mysteries of creation.” – Anwar Sadat.

We humans see very little of the planet’s surface in our lifetimes. About two-thirds of that surface, of course, is below the ocean; of the remaining third, much is covered with ice, or barren rock, or uninhabitable mountains.  Human settlements cluster around coasts and rivers and the flatlands that we have tamed and cultivated.

Our cities and our gentle farmlands have their claims to beauty, but the landscapes that seize our imaginations are those that reveal the elemental power of nature. We feel awe in places where the forces that shape the Earth are still visibly at work. We marvel at places such as Yellowstone, where an enormous caldera heats bubbling pools and propels geysers skyward. In the Sahara, we witness how shifting climate patterns took a swampy land, dried it into a scorching expanse of sand and scrub, and now are bringing greenery back to its edges.

In New Zealand’s Tongariro Naational Park, sacred volcanoes rise amid waterfalls. In Patagonia, winds sweep across lonely grasslands backed by the cruel spikes of the Andes. Krubera, the deepest cave yet explored, descends into a limestone blackness that seems to take us back into the darkness of time. Even some of humanity’s grandest constructions, like the magnificent temples of Angkor Wat, have been easily disassembled by nature. Although these places may be hostile to human life, they still enthrall us.

In these parts of the world, we can see the land forming itself on a grand scale, following its own natural logic, indifferent to our needs. We experience something greater and stronger than ourselves and know it as wonderful!.

Beautiful and Deadly

As lava pours into the sea near Kalapana, Hawai’I, it raises a cloud of hydrochloric acid steam that reflects the lava’s glow. The Kilauea Volcano largely destroyed the town of Kalapana in 1990.

Tongariro National Park

$
0
0
Executive summary by darmansjah

Tongariro National Park is the oldest national park in New Zealand, located in the central North Island. It has been acknowledged by UNESCO as one of the 28 mixed cultural and natural World Heritage Sites.
Tongariro National Park was the fourth national park established in the world.The active volcanicmountains Ruapehu, Ngauruhoe, and Tongariro are located in the centre of the park.

There are a number of Māorireligious sites within the park and the summits of Tongariro, including Ngauruhoe and Ruapehu, are tapu (sacred). The park includes many towns around its boundary including Ohakune, Waiouru, Horopito, Pokaka, Erua, National Park Village, Whakapapa skifield and Turangi.

FROZEN ASSETS

$
0
0


Executive summary by darmansjah

WATER Over 98 percent of the world’s fresh water is found in glaciers and ice caps.

Ice crumbling from the edges of the Perito Moreno glacier does little to reduce the size of Patagonia’s Southern Ice Field, the third largest glacial expanse in the world.


A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice exceeding a surface area of 0.1 km² constantly moving under its own gravity; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features. They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines. Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.

On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent, and on a few high-latitude oceanic islands. Between 35°N and 35°S, glaciers occur only in the Himalayas, Andes, a few high mountains in East Africa, Mexico, New Guinea and on Zard Kuh in Iran.

Glacial ice is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth.Many glaciers from temperate, alpine and seasonal polar climates store water as ice during the colder seasons and release it later in the form of meltwater as warmer summer temperatures cause the glacier to melt, creating a water source that is especially important for plants, animals and human uses when other sources may be scant. Within high altitude and Antarctic environments, the seasonal temperature difference is often not sufficient to release meltwater.

Because glacial mass is affected by long-term climate changes, e.g., precipitation, mean temperature, and cloud cover, glacial mass changes are considered among the most sensitive indicators of climate change and are a major source of variations in sea level.
 


Altiplano

$
0
0
Executive summaryby darmansjah

A landscape of ice, fire, wind and salt stretching600 miles(965 km)

BOLIVIA, PERU, AND ARGENTINArich in silver, salt, and eerie appeal, the altiplano holds a mirror to the sky. The 12,000-foot-high (3,660 m) plateau stretches 600 miles (965 km) through the Andes of Bolivia, Peru, and Argentina, one of Earth’s largest tablelands. The water basins that once covered it have evaporated, but it still holdsTiticaca, the world’s highest navigable lake. Bolivia’s capital, La Paz, is in the wetter north. The dry, lonely south includes Salar de Uyuni, an other worldly saltscape; laguna Colorada,  a salty, reddish lake favored by flamingos; and the sulfurous mudpots of Sol de Manana. There’s silver and tin beneath the surface, but few trees survive in the wind-sheared expanses and few crops can be coaxed from the Ground.

BLUE HORIZONS

A herd of domesticated Ilamas stands out in relief on the flat, spring-fed pastures of the Altiplano, Llamas and alpacas are native to the high, windswept region.

FINE FEATHERED FAMILIES

Reflected inLaguna colorada’s quiet waters,puna(or James’s) flamingostend their less colorful young. The unusual birds are found only on highAndean plateau.

Yellowstone

$
0
0
Executive summary by darmansjah

Yellowstone is home to more geothermal features than any place on Earth.

LIVING COLOR

Colorful, pigmented bacteria rings Yellowstone’s Grand Prismatic Spring, the country’s largest hot spring. The sterile water in the center is a simmering 160F (71C).

ANIMAL AND MINERAL

Wolves, such as this male calling his pups roams Yellowstone in 11 overlapping packs. Mineral terraces form from dissolved limestone that rises through hot springs, solidifying when the water hits the open air.

Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana. The world’s first national park-established in 1872-preserves the continent’s largest supervolcano, the active Yellowstone caldera. Within Yellowstone National Park’s 3,572 square miles (8,992 sq km) of stunning  scenery are at least half of the world’s geothermal features, including more than 300 geysers an more than 10,000 hot springs, fumaroles, and mudpots. The park holds the largest concentration of mammals in the lower 48 states, with grizzly and black bears, gray wolves (restored in 1995), bison, elk, wolverines, and mountain lions. The Old Faithful geyser erupts 17 times a day, propelling thousands of gallons of steaming, pressurized water about 130 feet (40 m) into the air to the oohs, aahs, and gasps of visitors.

The SAHARA

$
0
0
Executive summary bydarmansjah

A desert roughlythe size of the United States

SAND TO SAND

Sandstone spires reach through Saharan dunes in Chad’s Karnasai Valley. Wind and storms are gradually eroding the rock formations and returning them to sand.

OTHERWORDLDY VISTA

A Tuareg strides across the windblown sands of Tassillin-Ajjer, a plateau in southeast Algeria. Eroded 

NORTH AFRICAIt is the iconic desert, The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world, covering 3.3 million square miles (8.6 million sq km) of North Africa. Towering golden sand dunes roll aross its midsection. Summer temperatures routinely soar above 120F (49C). The environment was not always so hostile. For several thousand years, from about 8500 B.C. to 5300 B.C., a wetter climate supported savannahs, acacia forests, and even swamps. Giraffes, hippos, and elephants flourished. When drier conditions returned, most of the animals and people moved out. Now, the reverse may be occurring. A more humid climate, possibly the result of global climate change, is bringing greenery back to the fringes.

WALKING IN THE AIR

$
0
0
Executive summary by darmansjah

SKY The air is thin, but the views are incomparable atop Bolivia’s Mount Sajama (21,463 feet / 6,542 m). The extinct volcano is the country’s highest peak.

BLUE HOLES

$
0
0
Executive summary bydarmansjah

1,000 blue cavescan be found along the Bahamian shoreline.

THE BAHAMASInland caves flooded by the sea, called blue holes, are unlike any other environment on Earth. Reduced tidal flow results in a sharp stratification of water. A thin lens of fresh water-supplied by rain-tops a denser layer of salt water. The fresh water isolates the salt water from atmospheric oxygen.

Of the more than a thousand blue holes believed to be in the Bahamas, few than 20 percent have been probed. But the few explorers who have ventured there have brought back data that may deepen our understanding of geology, water chemistry, biology, and even astrobiology. By studying bacteria that thrive in these anoxic waters, scientists can postulate about distant oxygen-free planets and moons.

Millennia in the Making
Divers swim up into the Crystal Palace section of Dan’s Cave, a blue hole in Abaco, the Bahamas. The delicate mineral formations in this and other blue holes are thousands of years old.

Indigo Invitation
Dean’s on Long Island, Bahamas, is the deepest known blue hole, dropping 663 feet (202 m). the holes’ azure waters lure divers, such as those exploring North Passage of Stargate, on Andros Island.

Explained by Science

BLUEholes of the BahamasSAWMILL SINKa blue hole is a flooded cavern with an eye to the sky, a sinkhole with a twist its opening, created by a cave-in, leads to a deep void and side passages, filled with seawater. Conditions in this inland blue hole on Abaco island make it ideal for reconstructing the ancient natural history of the Bahamas and can even mirror life on the planet billions of years ago. The cave-in that opened Sawmill Sink as early as 120,000 years ago filled it with a cone of limestone devris.

Water Chemistry AN Inland blue hole’s water is  very still and highly stratified. A lens of fresh water, from rainfall, floats on the denser salt water and isolates it from oxygen in the atmosphere. Brightly colored bacteria thrive where the layers meet. They need light but can’t tolerate oxygen. Other bacteria here produce hydrogen sulfide, which the colored bacteria consume.

Sawmills’s two side passages, each about 2,000 feet (610 m) long, descend as deep as 180 feet (55 m). stalagmites and stalactites grow only when sea level is too low to flood the caves. Some formations merge into massive columns.

Climate Clues Sawed lengthwise to reveal its core, a blue hole stalagmite, 14,5 inches (36,8 cm) tall, holds 36,000 years of climate history. Growing drop by drop an rainwater leaches calcite form limestone, a stalagmite becomes a climate time line. Colors may reflect the rate of formation. Chemical analysis show high levels of iron at five intervals, evidence of dust blown from the Sahara. Their dates match episodes of rapid climate change (from drier to wetter in the Bahamas) previously detected in ice cores and ocean floor sediments.
Viewing all 1406 articles
Browse latest View live